At each altitude, soil δ 13C became enriched with soil depth. The lower leaf δ 13C at high altitudes was associated with the high moisture-related discrimination, while the high soil δ 13C is attributed to the low temperature-induced decay. For the dominant trees, both leaf and leaf-litter δ 13C decreased as altitude increased from low to high altitude, whereas surface soil δ 13C increased. In this study, the patterns of δ 13C variation were investigated for tree leaves, litters, and soils in the natural secondary forests at four altitudes (219, 405, 780, and 1268 m a.s.l.) in Lushan Mountain, central subtropical China. In such a climate regime, identifying the patterns of the C stable isotope composition (δ 13C) in plants and soils and their relations to the context of climate change is essential. Decreasing temperature and increasing precipitation along altitude gradients are typical mountain climate in subtropical China.
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